N.I. Zhinkin in the Philosophical and Phenomenological Sphere of Conversation: Transdisciplinarity and Intersubjectivity

Abstract

The ideological heritage of the philosopher, psychologist, teacher Nikolai Iva­novich Zhinkin is just beginning to be revealed to the philosophizing reader.
As a student of Gustav Gustavovich Shpet, he actively continued phenomenolo­gical and hermeneutic research, but was forced to sharply change the trajectory of his scientific path and go into positive science. However, his phenomenologi­cal school allowed him to acquire unique methodological experience, which re­sulted in his transdisciplinary research program aimed at a comprehensive study of intonation as sounding speech. The phenomenological foundations of his pro­gram are visible in all its practical applications, whether it is an understanding of portrait forms, the development of cinematic method and the philosophical understanding of cinema as a new art form, or the study of the communication system of animals and the pedagogical value of teaching machines. The study of Zhinkin’s archival manuscripts opens up his sphere of conversation, which, in essence, was phenomenological. It is the immersion of Zhinkin’s published works in the sphere of conversation that allows to show that despite the external withdraw from research in the field of philosophy (and especially phenomeno­logy), his transdisciplinary research program has as a basis the phenomenologi­cally oriented concept of the philosophy of word by G.G. Shpet. At the same time, Zhinkin uniquely transforms this concept and de facto translates it into va­rious scientific discourses. The presence of this philosophical attitude in Zhin­kin’s works is demonstrated in the article in the course of an analytical consider­ation of the ideological continuity of his scientific interests. The comprehension of the phenomenological foundations of Zhinkin’s transdisciplinary program al­lows us to actualize the methodology of transdisciplinarity in cultural and histo­rical epistemology and to show the role of intersubjectivity (that is being elabo­rated in phenomenology) in the development of modern scientific collaborations.