Ancient Chinese… Philosophy?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2020-7-156-170Keywords:
ancient Chinese philosophy, legitimacy, thought, freedom, personality, rational argumentationAbstract
The article deals with the so-called “question of the legitimacy of Chinese philosophy” (in theaspect of ancient Chinese thought of the 5th – 3rd centuries BC). Three arguments areconsidered against the presence of philosophy in ancient China: 1) the absence of the word“philosophy” (implying the concrete tradition) in the ancient Chinese language; 2) the lack ofrational argumentation in ancient Chinese thought; 3) the lack of political and spiritual freedomin ancient Chinese society. Based on data from ancient Chinese literary sources, the authorcriticizes these arguments and concludes that 1) there was an equivalent to the word“philosophy” in the ancient Chinese language, although with a much lesser theoretical burden,and there is no need to demand for generic relationship to European tradition to be called“philosophy”; 2) rational argumentation was significantly widespread in ancient Chinesephilosophy; 3) there were concepts synonymous to the concept of human freedom and of thevalue of the individual in ancient Chinese philosophy. All opposing opinions from the point ofview of the author of the article should be regarded as an unscientific simplification of the actualvariety of ancient Chinese thought.